Jonathan explores the development of railroads across northwestern Mexico, focusing on Baja California, Sonora, Sinaloa, and Chihuahua. He examines the expansion of rail networks during the Porfiriato (1876–1911), the role of foreign investment and U.S. railroads, and the economic and cultural impact of rail transportation on mining, agriculture, and migration. The presentation also highlights key lines such as the Ferrocarril de Sonora, Central Mexicano, and Chihuahua al Pacífico, along with important historical events including the Cananea strike and the story of Jesús García, the Hero of Nacozari.

The Yaqui People are among the most resilient in history. From 1531 to 1927, they viewed all “Yoris” [Spaniards and Mexicans] with suspicion. After converting to Christianity in the 1600s, they cooperated with Jesuit priests until 1767. Following Mexican independence in 1821, they endured nearly a century of warfare with the Sonora and Mexican governments, seeking autonomy but facing warfare and deportation under President Porfirio Díaz. Today, they live in peace but continue to face challenges, with their legacy defined by resistance to protect their land.

The following tables contain information of the native people of the Spanish jurisdictions in Nueva Galicia, Nueva Vizcaya, Sonora and Sinaloa. These extracts primarily contain information about the indigenous groups occupying these areas at the time of the Spanish contact, the year of which varies from one place to another. However, Peter Gerhard’s book contains a wealth of local information, and it is highly recommended that interested researchers purchase the book to have access to all the information provided.

Has your family lived in Los Angeles for many generations? Do you have any of the following surnames: Verdugo, Sepulveda, Avila, Rosas, Higuera, Lugo, Domínguez, Serrano, Olivas, Ybarra, Palomares, Rodríguez, Reyes, Romero, Valenzuela, Pico or Feliz? Or did you or your family come from the states of Sinaloa or Sonora?

The State of Sinaloa, with a surface area of 58,200 square kilometers (22,471 square miles) is basically a narrow strip of land running along the Pacific Ocean and represents only 2.9% of the national territory, ranking it as the 17th largest state. Sinaloa is bordered to the north by Sonora and Chihuahua; to the south, by Nayarit; to the east by Durango, and to the west, by the Gulf of California.

On September 4, 1781, 44 pobladores (settlers) arrived at a location 9 miles west of the San Gabriel Mission to establish California’s second pueblo: El Pueblo de Nuestro Señora la Reina de Los Angles del Río de Porciúncula or The Town of Our Lady the Queen of Angeles by the River of Porciúncula. Later, the name was shortened to Los Angeles. When the 44 settlers arrived in Los Angeles, they and their families settled a short distance from a Kizh Nation village called Yang-na (now referred to as Yaanga) — now near the intersection of Alameda and Commercial Streets (south of the 101) — where 300 natives already lived.

The State of Sinaloa, with a surface area of 58,200 square kilometers (22,471 square miles) is basically a narrow strip of land running along the Pacific Ocean and represents only 2.9% of the national territory, ranking it as the 17th largest state. Sinaloa is bordered to the north by Sonora and Chihuahua; to the south, by Nayarit; to the east by Durango, and to the west, by the Gulf of California.